By William Williams
Downtown Nashville is facing a harsh reality: Its Class A office space towers are aging and, to some extent, losing their appeal to prospective commercial tenants.
But would those buildings, most built since the 1960s, be attractive as converted residential space for people who want to live downtown?
Other cities have proved such adaptive reuse of modern office structures can be successful, with Los Angeles perhaps the ringleader in the movement.
But in Nashville, the concept has not been tested.
Many feel it will not happen, because a building would have to be essentially empty or in disrepair for such a conversion. And where would the residents park?
Still, Nashville might want to look to other U.S. cities for inspiration, according to Hank Helton, director of development for the Metro Development and Housing Agency.
“We’re not behind the curve because an opportunity hasn’t presented itself yet,” Helton said. “But you would think that will change. It’s being done everywhere else.”
Given the right circumstances, Helton said the conversion of Nashville’s office buildings would be beneficial to downtown, the buildings themselves and the city in general.
“These office buildings in their current use — as tenant desires change — could provide a sound opportunity for adaptive reuse to convert to residential,” he said.
Tom Smith, whose SC Capital is the managing general partner of the towering Financial Center at Fifth Avenue and Church Street, disagrees.
“The premise of converting [downtown Nashville’s] Class A office buildings [to residential space] is silly,” said Smith, who said his building has a roughly 20 percent vacancy. “It doesn’t make any economic sense.”
And it may never.
But the owners of downtown Nashville’s aging office buildings know that future construction of mid- and high-rises with huge floor plates, smart-technology capabilities, first-floor retail and other goodies could increase downtown’s vacancy rate, now more than 13 percent.
Recently announced proposed projects include Eakin Partners’ SunTrust Plaza and Tony Giarratana’s Signature Tower.
Tyson Sayles, senior vice president of acquisitions with Los Angeles’ The KOR Group, said Los Angeles’ housing shortage and the challenges developers face in obtaining permits for new residential mid- and high-rises has spurred the success of that city’s adaptive reuse ordinance.
“It’s very time-consuming and considered somewhat risky to entitle land for [new] residential [construction] in L.A.,” said Sayles, a Nashville native. “It can take developers three to four years to get permits. But nobody is opposed to turning vacant buildings into housing.”
Other Los Angeles examples of office-to-residential conversion include 1100 Wilshire and the 32-story Transamerica Tower, with the latter expected to carry a price tag of $150 million.
Like Los Angeles, Atlanta has seen some of its modern office towers converted to residential space.
Novare Group, co-developer with Tony Giarratana of Nashville’s Viridian condominium tower, undertook three projects that involved former Atlanta office buildings no more than 50 years of age.
In 1998, Lennar Corp. solicited Novare to fee-develop a 15-story office building that was the former home of the Environmental Protection Agency. Novare managed the property’s redevelopment into a 186-unit apartment building for Lennar, with a subsequent conversion to condominiums called Renaissance Lofts.
Other Novare projects in Atlanta include the 15-story Metropolitan (formerly the National Bank of Georgia building) and the eight-story Peachtree Lofts, a building that once housed governmental offices.
“Compared to what is built today, [office buildings from the 1950s-1980s] have fewer finishes,” Novare senior vice president John Long said. “With Peachtree Lofts, we took the first two floors and turned them into parking.”
Long said Novare is now focusing on new product, noting the number of Atlanta office buildings available for adaptive reuse is very limited.
Smaller cities are seeing conversions, too. For example, Texas businessman Jim Finley has acquired the 24-story Transport Life building in Fort Worth, with plans to convert it to high-end loft apartments.
But will the concept work in Nashville?
The Metro Planning Department is pushing a comprehensive adaptive reuse ordinance, sponsored by Councilwoman-at-large Diane Neighbors, that includes more than office buildings in the downtown core.
To date, the focus has been only on pre-World War II-built structures, including the Bennie Dillon Building (now an apartment building) and the Stahlman and American Trust buildings.
“I don’t foresee anyone taking a Class A office tower and converting it to residential,” said Terry Cobb, director of the Metro Codes Department. “[But] it may happen 20 to 30 years from now.
Cobb said downtown zoning (core frame and commercial core are the two most common types) allows for such conversion.
“It will happen some day,” he said.